GARRETT, engineering
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The Motor Vehicle
The MotorVehicle
Thirteenth Edition
T.K. GARRETT
CEng, FIMechE, MRAeS
Sometime Editor of
Automobile Engineer
K. NEWTON
MC, BSc, ACGI, AMInstCE, MIMechE
Late Assistant Professor,Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Department,
The Royal Military College of Science
W. STEEDS
OBE, BSc, ACGI, FIMechE
Late Professor of Mechanical Engineering,
The Royal Military College of Science
OXFORD AUCKLAND BOSTON JOHANNESBURG MELBOURNE NEW DELHI
Butterworth-Heinemann
Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP
225 Wildwood Avenue, Woburn, MA 08101-2041
A division of Reed Educational and Professional Publishing Ltd
First published by Iliffe & Sons 1929
Eighth edition 1966
Ninth edition 1972
Tenth edition published by Butterworths 1983
Eleventh edition 1989
Twelfth edition 1996
Reprinted 1997
Thirteenth edition 2001
© Reed Educational and Professional Publishing Ltd 2001
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any material
form (including photocopying or storing in any medium by electronic means and
whether or not transiently or incidentally to some other use of this publication)
without the written permission of the copyright holder except in accordance with the
provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a
licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Rd,
London, England W1P 9HE. Applications for the copyright holder s written
permission to reproduce any part of this publication should be addressed
to the publishers.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the Library
ISBN 07506 4449 4
Typeset by Replika Press Pvt Ltd, Delhi 110 040 (India)
Printed Great Britain by Clays Ltd, St. Ives plc
Contents
Preface to the thirteenth edition
vii
Units and abbreviations
ix
Part 1 The Engine
1 General principles of heat engines
3
2 Engine balance
25
3 Constructional details of the engine
47
4 Six-, eight- and twelve-cylinder engines
137
5 Sleeve valve and special engines
177
6 Diesel injection equipment and systems
186
7 Distributor type pumps
252
8 Some representative diesel engines
311
9 The two-stroke engine
326
10 Fundamentals of carburation
349
11 Some representative carburettors
385
12 Petrol injection systems
424
13 Induction manifold design
479
14 Emission control
516
15 Fuel pumps and engine intake air conditioning
549
16 Turbocharging and supercharging
556
17 Fuels and their combustion
590
18 Friction, lubricants and lubrication
619
19 Engine cooling
641
20 Electric propulsion
655
21 Alternative power units
669
22 Bearings, gearing, chains and belt drives
698
Part 2 Transmission
23 Transmission requirements
709
24 Clutches
720
25 Why is a gearbox necessary?
750
26 Constructional arrangements of gearboxes
760
27 Epicyclic and pre-selector gearboxes
792
28 Torque converters and automatic gearboxes
806
v
vi
Contents
29 Semi-automatic gearboxes and continuously variable
transmissions
841
30 Universal joints and driving steered wheels
864
31 The differential
876
32 The back axle
892
33 Axle constructions
900
34 The double reduction axle
907
Part 3 The Carriage Unit
35 The basic structure
915
36 Vehicle safety
924
37 Brakes
956
38 Servo- and power-operated, and regenerative braking systems
983
39 Anti-lock brakes and traction control
1015
40 Front axle and steering mechanism
1043
41 Wheels and tyres
1085
42 Suspension principles
1109
43 Suspension systems
1144
44 Six-wheel vehicles
1177
Index
1191
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